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JEFC教材被動(dòng)句教學(xué)解析

時(shí)間:2022-08-08 10:34:59 英語論文 我要投稿
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JEFC教材被動(dòng)句教學(xué)解析

被動(dòng)語態(tài)在JEFC教材中直到第三冊Unit 16—Unit 18(Lesson 61—Lesson 72)中才作為語法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行專 門訓(xùn)練, 并經(jīng)過整整三個(gè)單元共12課才能完成這一知識點(diǎn)的教學(xué),可見被動(dòng)語態(tài)的難度。
    以上三個(gè)單元12課出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的語言知識可歸結(jié)如下:
    1.從時(shí)態(tài)上說,出現(xiàn)了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:
    It's used for cutting.
    It's was made in China.
    2.從句式上說,出現(xiàn)了陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句中的被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:
    English is spoken by many people.
    Were they built in 1860?
    What's it made of?
    When was it founded?
    Where's tea grown?
    3.例句中出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞(或詞組)有:
    to be dug/founded /grown /harvested /kept /knocked /looked after/made [of]/picked/p lanted /produced /pusheddown/spoken/tied to/used [for]/watered
    4.依據(jù)教材內(nèi)容句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以達(dá)到這樣的復(fù)雜程度:It will beused as a tool by people in the wo rld in some days. 格式是:主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+加be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+as/for 表示功用+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+方位 狀語+時(shí)間狀語。這一格式中某些成分可以省略或移位。
    JEFC教材主要根據(jù)功能派的教學(xué)原則編寫,提倡通過不同的教學(xué)方式,運(yùn)用多種教學(xué)媒體,創(chuàng)設(shè)具體語境 ,全方位地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言能力。與傳統(tǒng)教材相比,淡化了語言知識的教學(xué)。這無疑是先進(jìn)的,但也并非是完 美的。就被動(dòng)語態(tài)知識而言,以上所述的三個(gè)單元12課中有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的知識就不是很完整。所以我們以為, 使用JEFC教材教學(xué)被動(dòng)語態(tài),至少應(yīng)在以下兩方面進(jìn)行必要的補(bǔ)充:
    一、在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生操練時(shí),教師應(yīng)有意識地結(jié)合學(xué)生已學(xué)知識,將被動(dòng)語態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合起來,通過替換練習(xí) ,使學(xué)生掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的變換形式。現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞make為例,聯(lián)系學(xué)生已學(xué)過的八種時(shí)態(tài),應(yīng)該讓學(xué) 生熟悉并操練如下句型:
    (1)…is/am/are made… (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
    (2)…is/am/are being made… (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
    (3)…h(huán)as/have been made… (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
    (4)…was/were made… (一般過去時(shí))
    (5)…was/were being made… (過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
    (6)…h(huán)ad/been made… (過去完成時(shí))
    (7)…will/shall be made… (一般將來時(shí))
    (8)…would be made… (過去將來時(shí))
    進(jìn)行以上各種時(shí)態(tài)變換操練時(shí)又應(yīng)注意如下幾點(diǎn):
    1.例句由易到難,由簡單到復(fù)雜。仍以動(dòng)詞make為例:
    It was made.
    It was made by Wang Lin.
    It was made for Tom.
    It was made in China.
    It was made in 1990.
    It was made by Wang Lin in China.
    It was made by Wang Lin in China in 1990.
    It was made for Tom by Wang Lin in China in 1990.
    在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行兩種變換練習(xí):一是變一般過去時(shí)為其它各種不同的時(shí)態(tài)(句子在表達(dá)上也須作相應(yīng)的 修改),使句子在不同時(shí)態(tài)之間轉(zhuǎn)換。二是將句子在肯定——否定,陳述——疑問之間轉(zhuǎn)換,比如:
    The letter has been finished.
    The letter has not been finished.
    Has the letter been finished?
    2.在教(7)(8)兩種時(shí)態(tài)(一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí))的過程中,教會(huì)學(xué)生使用帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 和帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),即結(jié)合will/shall/would be+(p. p)結(jié)構(gòu),教會(huì)學(xué)生掌握…can/may /must/ should/has to/have to/to be going to+be+(p.p. )…結(jié)構(gòu),以及各種結(jié)構(gòu)的變換方式。如:
    It will be given to him.
    The building shall be founded next year.
    Apples cannot be kept for a long time.

JEFC教材被動(dòng)句教學(xué)解析

    The baby must be looked after carefully.

  

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